Know-how


What Are Alloying Elements?


Cast iron's properties are changed by adding various alloying elements, or alloyants. Next to carbon, silicon is the most important alloyant because it forces carbon out of solution.


Casting Defect Definitions


Smooth, very round, bowl shaped. Bottom can be seen with the eye. Size and depth are easy to determine. Usually a singular defect.


Compatibility Chart of Materials Versus Processes


Compatibility Chart of Materials Versus Processes


The Definition of the Punching Forces


The punch force required to punch a piece of sheet metal can be estimated from the following equation.


Steel Die Forging Tolerances On Dimensions


Gesenkschmiedeteile aus Stahl – Maßtoleranzen – Teil 2: Warm hergestellt in Waagerecht-Stauchmaschinen.